Hey faggot, there is not a SINGLE PERSON in Russia that doesn't realize that even Stalinism was a lesser evil than the imperial Russia.
Literally 90% of the population were SLAVES. No, I'm not kidding. Bolsheviks actually increased the living standard and the civil liberties, but then Stalin took over and fucked it all up.
Sebastian Sanders
>Look at this fat edgelord!
Hey faggot, there is not a SINGLE PERSON in Russia that doesn't realize that even Stalinism was a lesser evil than the imperial Russia.
LOL. Great living conditions. Also, the Bolsheviks were extremely anti-anarchist, betraying Nestor Makhno several times.
>Stalinism is a lesser evil than Imperial Russia. Well, that's all I need to conclude on who you really are. You can take the Anarcho-Communist flag off and replace it with the regular one. You're not fooling anybody.
Christopher Morales
That's true. Or helicopters. bump to keep thread alive.
Ryan Brown
White army were faggots. Sad thing reds were worse.
Jacob Kelly
>legitimately believing there isn't a single хpycт фpaнцyзcкoй бyлки in Russia
Hint, Poklonskaya-mommy is one.
Noah Richardson
Morally or Logistically?
Connor Flores
>Also, the Bolsheviks were extremely anti-anarchist, betraying Nestor Makhno several times. I know, I didn't deny this. I don't care about ideological fine print, they did more or less what had to be done.
>Well, that's all I need to conclude on who you really are. You can take the Anarcho-Communist flag off and replace it with the regular one. You're not fooling anybody. And in what way is 90% of the population being enslaved in the 20th century better than 20% (pushing it) being incarcerated for the safety of others?
Cooper Butler
>I know, I didn't deny this. I don't care about ideological fine print, they did more or less what had to be done. So you outright admit the authoritarian Bolsheviks were right? Take the anarcho-communist flag off.
>And in what way is 90% of the population being enslaved in the 20th century better than 20% (pushing it) being incarcerated for the safety of others? Neither were good. I'm firmly against any form of Communism, be it the "Anarcho" Communism that Antifa likes to put out or Marxism-Leninism.
Lincoln Foster
Logistically. Also the democrats spent what time they had in power at absolutely nothing useful.
Jack Parker
So in this case, you'd support the Reds or Whites in terms of morality? I'm just curious.
And I can totally agree the democrats did literally nothing, the people were too radicalized by that point.
Christian Scott
When somebody tells you about red terror, they show you photos. When somebody tells you about white terror, they show you propaganda. Russia was doomed when our young, weak democracy fell, being run by traitors and thieves.
Speaking honestly I think, had I been born in like 1890, I would probably support the reds. Reds promised change - and change after years of suffering, of poverty, of misery is always a good thing, right?
Benjamin Lewis
Oy vey The population weren't slaves as you put it, they were serfs and some were industrial workers with actual jobs, imperial Russia was practically a feudal society, it was awful, I will concede. However. When Bolshevik Russia is literally purposefully using terrorist techniques and burning down houses and killing those still loyal to the crown, how can you defend that? Stalins killstreak was between 3 million and 60 million, so I'll meet you in the middle at 30 million, more than the death tolls of the civil war, holocaust, and WW2. Your autistic communist utopia just can't work, you don't understand, it's a society for the collective when you refuse to see that a society based on the freedom and good of the individual is the best FOR the collective because anyone can follow their desires and, with effort, make an amazing life for themselves. Communism is the selfish ideology of, "I'm breathing, give me that for free."
Elijah Rodriguez
>So you outright admit the authoritarian Bolsheviks were right? Take the anarcho-communist flag off. This proves that you have no idea what communism is. The end-game of communism is a stateless free society. Marxism-Leninism is an attempt to achieve such a society through dictatorship of the proleteriat and delegation of power to the unions. Stalin is the extremely authoritarian one who gave up on the stateless society and centralized power.
>When Bolshevik Russia is literally purposefully using terrorist techniques and burning down houses and killing those still loyal to the crown, how can you defend that? >Stalins killstreak was between 3 million and 60 million, so I'll meet you in the middle at 30 million, more than the death tolls of the civil war, holocaust, and WW2. This is how it's done. In communism, you make the kills once and never again. In capitalism, they happen every year, but capitalism is never blamed.
Dylan Baker
I would disagree, and support the whites. But I can definitely see why people supported the reds.
But then again, a simple truth is don't make promises you can't keep.
Kayden Hernandez
lol, the people who revolted in Russia were NOT the serfs ffs. It was the 'liberated' factory workers who toiled in awful conditions. Stop bashing feudalism. IT WORKS
Ian Roberts
Whites resembled return to the old ways. Belonging to some rich asshole. Working your ass off. Starvation to let the country sell a bit more bread. The majority legitimately picked the reds. They enforced their rule on the rest with terrror.
Robert Young
>supporting a retarded german on your throne >supporting faggots using ideology of retarded german supported by retarded mutts and germans Russians didn't have a good choice. In reality only good guys in Russian revolution were Czechoslovak legions, they just wanted to go back home.
Lucas Reed
>This proves that you have no idea what communism is. The end-game of communism is a stateless free society. Marxism-Leninism is an attempt to achieve such a society through dictatorship of the proleteriat and delegation of power to the unions. Stalin is the extremely authoritarian one who gave up on the stateless society and centralized power.
That's your idealism talking. You just admitted that a dictatorship is necessary. Communism has and never will get past the dictatorship stage. It's simply reality.
>This is how it's done. In communism, you make the kills once and never again. In capitalism, they happen every year, but capitalism is never blamed.
If a government's economy is capitalist, no, it doesn't directly kill. We are referring to those directly executed under Communist regimes via government.
And I love how you say "once and never again." So under your magical form of "Communism" everyone stops dying?
Hudson Edwards
So wait wait wait. You're saying that the genocide is actually fucking justified, the planned, purposeful genocide? Goddamn. And no capitalism remains the best economic system in the world today, when you say it slowly kills people, you're literally just talking about wars which happen in any country, deaths from stuff like ODs, accidents, and suicides, and starving children in Africa that are under a capitalist system in name only with a state that couldn't do a damn thing.
Liam Clark
>early days of the civil war >Whites capture Kazan, chase away Bolsheviks >round up couple of hundreds of Bolsheviks and their sympathizers >take their party membership id's and nail them into their hearts while they were still alive with hammers.
Good times. Good times.
Anthony Johnson
Weren't there breadlines in the Soviet Union though?
And although I disagree with the Imperial form of feudalism, didn't the empire abolish it sometime before 1917?
Ian Roberts
It works but it wouldn't work at all today. Please stop arguing for feudalism, you're embarrassing yourself. If you want to support monarchies and noble titles and what not, go ahead you ren faire fag, just not a system in which no one can do anything but toil in a field.
Elijah Price
Yeah the Tsar ceded a lot of power and it would've gotten better over time but the snow niggers had already chimped out and there was no going back.
Caleb Ross
Nice nice.
Wyatt Bell
Also, while Nicholas II might have been a bad leader, he did not deserve to get slaughtered along with his family and children. That's kind of messed up.
Logan Morgan
In a basement In the Urals With his family All at once Yeah pretty sad
Tyler Cox
A fair chunk of the Whites were imperial officers, precisely the type to push for return of full-fledged feudalism circa 1700. Also, yeah there were food shortages later on in the Union, has the gift of future vision, sadly.
Henry Hall
Serfs were freed in 1861 and sefs were never 90% of population you dolt. In Imperial Russia, in the last 100 years, some 2500 people were executed by the state. That's like a quiet day during Cheka's and Stalin's heyday.
Jaxson Williams
Well, not all at once. The children had some kind of gems embroidered within their jackets, which made the bullets ricochet. So they resorted to stabbing.
Evan Barnes
Also sorry we got off track, Anitfags are just larping, boney, college beta fags, all we'll actually need is some anti commie music blasting (I like Holiday in Cambodia) and some baseball bats and literally just 15 guys to hold them.
I disagree with feudalism. If I were living in Imperial Russia, I'd be fine with either a constitutional monarchy with a capitalist (Like the UK) or a democracy like Kerensky wanted.
Nathaniel White
>And I love how you say "once and never again." So under your magical form of "Communism" everyone stops dying? Yes, because you remove all enemies and useful idiots once, and then there's no one left to oppose the rule of the people.
Isaiah Johnson
Literally what? Most of White movement was republican and their stated goal was to destroy Bolsheviks and restore the Constituent Assembly of 1917 to power. You've been bamboozled by Bolshevik propaganda. Yes, some were monarchists, but they soldiered for a republican cause.
Jack Reyes
Kerensky was a retard who unwittingly helped create the mess Russia ended up in. "No enemies to the left" sure worked great. He was what Bolsheviks call useful idiot.
Zachary Price
That's one of the most anti liberal things I've ever heard and you are absolutely retarded because hey dumb fuck, you become the oppressor in the situation AND you somehow think that new people won't rise/think the same way to take their place. What you've said is essentially ideological cleansing. Get off our thread.
Chase Roberts
>Yes, because you remove all enemies and useful idiots once, and then there's no one left to oppose the rule of the people.
You are genuinely retarded if you think death goes away under your utopian form of "Communism." Also, you literally are advocating the death of everyone that disagrees with you. Very authoritarian. You do not want dissent nor free speech. That's textbook dictatorship.
Nolan Gomez
Again, either way, I would have supported the Whites anyway. Unlike the reds, the whites had diverse political views such as Conservatism, Liberalism, Libertarianism, Monarchism, and Nationalism
Easton Perry
And at the time of the execution the daughters were wearing thick dresses with jewels sewn in. The first round of bullets didn't manage to kill them immediately so they had to fire again.
Alexander Sanders
I believe in justice. If you oppose me, you are fighting for injustice, regardless of what you believe. You can try to confuse the issue all you want, but the fact is, most of the Nazi soldiers were just doing their job, not knowing how evil they are, but we still killed them. Why? Because otherwise their actions would lead to deaths of the innocents.
Ayden Parker
I was reading a book about the lives of the 4 daughters recently. It's pretty depressing how sheltered and innocent they were, it must've been terrifying in those moments in the basement when they were told that they were to be killed.
Alexander Perry
People like Kerensky were SRs, so "semi-White". What also totally wrecked Russia was his "democratic army" idea. Instead of just shooting Bolshevik agitators, they let them run free and brainwash people. Bolsheviks, who were funded by fucking Germans.
Matthew Foster
Yeah, that. Heartbreaking isn't it. Reds are evil.
Jaxon Sanchez
So they wouldn't achieve anything. Many imperial officers recognised that reds were the only organized force that could bring country back together so they fought for or instructed Red army.
Christopher Fisher
My g-grandpa was in White army and then spent 6 years in soviet prison.Glory to heroes.
Ayden Wright
Stalin ordering the shooting of 22,000 Polish officers, or Polish Operation or the NKVD, that's some real justice right there.
Easton Price
So, you've realize how wrong you are and are saying "Muh justice" To make yourself feel better While at the same time supporting a random genocide of 30 million people and 60 million at the most i might add, more than there are Jews and gypsies in the world. And finally "If you oppose me you're a bad person" You're r/retarded
>I believe in justice. If you oppose me, you are fighting for injustice, regardless of what you believe. You can try to confuse the issue all you want, but the fact is, most of the Nazi soldiers were just doing their job, not knowing how evil they are, but we still killed them. Why? Because otherwise their actions would lead to deaths of the innocents.
Again, you're literally proving right now you're more Nazi-esque than the Whites were. Your ideology has managed to kill more people than Nazism ever could. You are literally the perfect example as to why Communism is dangerous and must be destroyed. "If you oppose me, you must be wrong" is the thing you espouse. Communism is also responsible for the birth of Fascism, Mussolini developed the ideology out of his Socialist policies when he was a member of the Italian Socialist party.
Kind of ironic isn't it?
Tyler Thompson
Bolsheviks never enjoyed widespread popular support. Neither did Whites, but they did have significantly higher support. Only elections Bolsheviks allowed, they lost catastrophically. Only reason they prevailed was because they were fanatic and brutal, and inherent advantages of seizing both Petrograd and Moscow.
Ian Kelly
If "anti-communism" stopped associating itself with religion and tradition, and instead made an argument for utility and pragmatism, it would be more successful and have more supporters.
Right now most people are not communists, but they aren't strongly anti-communist either, because to be such would more or less affiliate you with crusader larpers.
Brayden Thompson
Don't forget r/individualism
Lincoln Flores
What religion and tradition? The consequences of communism speak for our position. And let's repeat it again, Bolsheviks didn't revolt against the Tsar, but against the Russian Republic. Which was ruled by a socialist Kerensky.
>If "anti-communism" stopped associating itself with religion and tradition
That's what communism wants to destroy, are you retarded?
Landon Cook
Most communists now a days support violent Islam. But oppose Judaism and Christianity for some bizarre reason.
I'm glad that Leningrad was changed back to St. Petersburg. The architecture is gorgeous.
Love those
Your grandfather was a patriot and a hero. God bless you and your family.
Owen Thompson
>Most communists now a days support violent Islam.
They support the movement of people, because they dislike borders and nations as constructs. Their argument is that those are created by the rulers to oppress the people. They also support uprisings and revolutions against totalitarian governments, for similar reasons. So they end up supporting muslims, but not because of islam. You may be confusing communists and liberals.
Gavin Foster
It was bad but it didn't improve for the better. The people were simply taken forcibly from one slave owner and acquired by another.
t. half russian who's parents grew up under the Soviet regime
That's how it always works though, they promise the world and when power is gained they enforce their rule.
Same thing is happening in America right now but people don't see it because they don't care about history, moreso if it's outside of the US.
The UN does the same thing, help destabilise a nation and then offer a solution to the problem they encouraged and let flourish. Such situation do need positive change but they will NEVER be the ones to give it and anyone who tries will be demonised and eliminated.
Isaac Bell
>they dislike borders and nations as constructs Then how can you establish communism if the borders are so vague? >Their argument is that those are created by the rulers to oppress the people. in that case what value systems communism is conveying? Everybody being able to join is basically what would destroy it. >They also support uprisings and revolutions against totalitarian governments So constant revolutions in Commie republic itself?
Dylan Gomez
Islam is a totalitarian system. There are Islamic nations and a lot of Muslims dislike Communism. This is flawed due to the fact they only hat western nations. Whereas asiatic nations and african nations are given a blind eye.
Bentley Parker
This.
Xavier Gomez
Dude there is no use to talk sense in sovoks. Definiton of communism comes from basic white girl tier Jewsih guy, who didn't understand why pants are more expensive than alchohol
Bentley Gutierrez
>Then how can you establish communism if the borders are so vague? Communism is meant to be global, not in one country. When Stalin suggested its kept to Russia, the split with Trotsky happened. They were meant to go through Poland, link up with the socialists in Germany, and keep rolling until the whole world becomes one union.
>in that case what value systems communism is conveying? Communism is just anarchy, they used to be the same thing until Bismarck did some clever propaganda to split them into blacks and reds. Communists want all the social constructs to be reevaluated, and the ones that aren't needed anymore (they claim nation, borders, government, property, etc) should be abandoned as archaic.
>So constant revolutions in Commie republic itself? There is no commie republic, thats damage control/compromise/Stalin hijacking the revolution, depending on who you ask.
What does that have to do with my post? Communists want religion gone, they aren't pro-Islam. They are pro other things that muslims are doing at the moment. Just like you don't need to be pro-Syria or pro-Kurdistan to support them against ISIS, that kind of situation.
>"this" >on a post that asks questions and doesn't say anything WDHMBT
Jose Hernandez
kys
Ryder Kelly
At least they weren't a bunch of traitors working for foreign interest.
Levi Robinson
>No borders >No nations >Anarchy Basically 30 000 BC 2.0 with nukes. Basically Communism would establish huge libertarian camps that would become nationalist and facist again. >TFW global communism leads to nations and private markets all over again.
Anthony Bailey
>foreign interest. they united with Nazis during WW2
Thomas Reed
>BASICALLY.
Leo Johnson
Out of ignorance, and mostly some Cossacks, who were literally destroyed by Bolsheviks.
Angel Gray
Communism is not just anarchy. Also, it promotes that the ENTIRE WORLD must follow its guidelines or else humanity is not "liberated", how the fuck is that not imperialism? People will not surrender their property.
They're literally condoning attacks on innocent people. Also, Communism and Anarchism are not the same thing. Different branches of Anarchism exist, such as Mutualism, Capitalism, Primitivism, Syndicalism, Agorism.
>Anarchy >Not allowed to have a religion >Not allowed to have property >Not allowed to speak against the Commies >Opposition must be silenced >Command economy.
So "Anarchist" right?
Nathan Scott
>who were literally destroyed by Bolsheviks. Got sauce?
Henry Hall
>Russia that doesn't realize that even Stalinism was a lesser evil than the imperial Russia
you couldnt be more wrong fagget never, ever try to speak for my countrymen
>50 hyperinflated rubles were deposited into your account
Parker Davis
Communists will insist that once this stateless society is introduced, everyone will like it and they wouldn't want to go back. The few individuals who try to do something would be attacked by the people, who would be passionate about preserving their new found freedom.
Note that most modern leftists don't believe this. They may call themselves communists, but ask anyone and they will insist some state has to exist, even though Marx and other thinkers specifically, bluntly and without question said there shouldn't be one. That is, leftists have moved beyond communism, and are only using it as a brand name.
>Communism is not just anarchy. Also, it promotes that the ENTIRE WORLD must follow its guidelines or else humanity is not "liberated", how the fuck is that not imperialism? People will not surrender their property. Read the first part of this post. The idea is that people will be thankful and happy with the change, because if everything is divided equally, for 99% of people this would mean an increase of wealth, not a decrease. Keep in mind communism was written at a time when common people lived inside basements, where you had to pay some change to be allowed to sleep in a chair, and were given rope to tie yourself so you don't fall off the chair. A time of 14 hour work days and frequent work incidents and even deaths. The industrialization of the west was not cheap in human suffering, this gave birth to communism. We've since improved much and now the workers live much better life. The only relevant communist complaint left is alienation from work, that is you feel like shit for working because you HAVE to work, and you don't even own or express yourself in your work.
Charles Nguyen
>So "Anarchist" right? *hits boox niba hillary blunt* Well anti-anarchism is anarchism, because people can live how the want in anti-anarchist society just like anarchist without rules but they must be ready for death sentence and/or gulag. Dude, I grew up with sovok parents, and because of my shitty childhood my doublethink abilities are way too advanced.It is hard sometimes to explain this shit to westerners.
Benjamin James
you can suck 50 hyperinflated dicks you fagget
Levi Harris
Cossacks were basically a warrior caste, they couldn't exist without the tzar, so even if the commies failed and Russia became the republic Whites envisioned, they would still have to be dealt with.
Of all the victims of communism, I cry about cossacks the least.
Asher Price
You can resist but you can't win.
Evan Powell
>Reds promised change - and change after years of suffering, of poverty, of misery is always a good thing, right? Wrong. Some abstract idea of "change" doesn't mean anything. They did bring change after all - more suffering, poverty and misery. All technological and industrial advancements that were accomplished were not for the good of people, but at their expense. Sure after WW2 USSR wasn't that bad. But if you believe Russia wouldn't accomplish that and even more without the revolution and commies, then you're an idiot. Industrialization already started in Imperial period.
>first Politburo, founded in 1917 to manage the Bolshevik Revolution: Lenin, Zinoviev, Kamenev, Trotsky, Stalin, Sokolnikov and Bubnov. 5 kikes, a Georgian and ONE(1) Russian. And all financed and supported by foreign interest. To name a few. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olof_Aschberg en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob_Schiff
How the fuck is it a Russian revolution???
Leo Torres
>Cossacks were basically a warrior caste Tsar hated those fucks, because they made too many serf riots. They became normalized somwhere in 17th century. Cossacks weren't a caste, they were just bunch of drunk mongol slavs that liked horses and big hats.
Isaac Bailey
>they couldn't exist without the Tsar Just saying things doesn't make them true. Cossacks were a culture. But we won. How many celebrated your little revolution this year? No one fucking cares. "Ash heap of history".
Luis Brooks
>You can resist but you can't win. Literally the whole communist project after 1921, when Stalin decided to keep sieging Lwow instead of linking up and aiding the main army, and Poland could not be conquered in time to help the german revolution. By not linking with German socialists, and not getting all the developed German factories and german engineers/intellectuals, the communists were left with a huge feudal empty space in a civil war, and from there they could not support other revolutions. They sit back and decided to die slowly, with no chance of winning ever.
March 1921 is when communism lost and should've stopped.
Dominic Edwards
White army was controlled by freemasons. Basically just left-centrist cucks, who could not even properly support the emperor, who gave them all the parliament "duma". Very educated and cultured, a big part of the nations potential, but still.
They could share some culture and education with Russian nation, but they do not seem to be interested in Russian nation existing in the first place or are not organized enough to do any sensible politics.
If you want to succeed you need to step up your game. Core guard believes should go like this: > Donald is the Emperor. > Barron is his successor on the throne or at least Emperor in other white country, if he himself will deem it to be necessary. > Parliament is redundant, until socialism would be dealt with. Outer guard should consider all the events > to be an emergency rule > parliament as untouchable entity This way you would not marginalize the flock and help people to go trough the hardship.
Everyone should understand the core paradigm: > if you do not want human rights system to work, you do not need those rights People, who do not deem themselves equal solely **in the face of the law**, do not get the access to that law. For Jesus said: > in the same way you judge others, you will be judged, and with the measure you use, it will be measured to you And we all know their law. > eye for an eye, tooth for a tooth, millions hostages gassed for one murderous bolshevik death, millions starved for not liking bolshevism Wash the wall street with their blood, brothers. Make them pay their debts.
Adam Price
>UCF
They're almost all shitskins, guaranteed
Parker Russell
I was talking about the bolshevik leadership. Literally a bunch of kikes financed by kike bankers.
Justin Peterson
>Cossacks were a culture. A culture of not producing anything and your only income being looting, while your only spending being guns and horses. How is that not a warrior caste?
Also late cossacks were very diverse, a lot of slavs joined. They were just a boys club, adventurers and mercenaries.
Michael Hughes
Cossacks were always Slavs and your Bolshevik summary of them as "looters" is idiotic.
Christopher Murphy
>your bolshevik summary Napoleon called them looters instead of cossacks. He wrote a letter that some cossack who charged him was screaming ULAN, turkic for looting, before swinging at him. Basically everyone who wrote about them said they were bandits given rule of some land, so they can fuck off and not bother the tzar, and as long as they join his wars.
I have no idea why you are defending this outdated institution that died long after it was time for it to go.
Bentley Gonzalez
Man this site. Sometimes it feels like it is just a bunch of schizos that talk more sense than average politic-fag.
Charles Watson
montenigger putin cock sucker alert!
Jonathan Rodriguez
>If "anti-communism" stopped associating itself with religion and tradition, and instead made an argument for utility and pragmatism, it would be more successful and have more supporters.
T'was the same problem every right-winmg movement has. Everyone wants to be Führer. Or the leading party of the movements parties. That's why the right looses most of the time. The left waits with the internal fight over power untill victory, the right fight internal fights during the fight against the left.
That why the right doesn't unite most of the time. That's why the right lost so often and still looses!
Parker Miller
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Execution_of_the_Romanov_family >The Russian Imperial Romanov family (Tsar Nicholas II, his wife Tsarina Alexandra and their five children Olga, Tatiana, Maria, Anastasia, and Alexei) and all those who chose to accompany them into imprisonment – notably Eugene Botkin, Anna Demidova, Alexei Trupp and Ivan Kharitonov – were shot, bayoneted and clubbed to death
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yakov_Yurovsky >(real name and patronymic Yankel Khaimovich) was a Russian Old Bolshevik best known as the chief executioner of Emperor Nicholas II of Russia, his family, and four retainers on the night of 16 July 1918. >The Yurovsky family is of Jewish origin
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yakov_Sverdlov >A number of sources claim that Sverdlov played a major role in the execution of Tsar Nicholas II and his family on 17 July 1918. >Sverdlov was born in Nizhny Novgorod as Yakov Mikhailovich Sverdlov to Jewish parents Mikhail Izrailevich Sverdlov and Elizaveta Solomonova.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipp_Goloshchyokin >He is known for taking part in the murder of the Romanov family and for the devastating role in Sovietization of Kazakhstan (Small October) which resulted in a deadly famine in Kazakhstan of 1932–33, which took between 1 and 2 million lives and is known in Kazakhstan as "the Goloshchekin genocide" >He is also often referred to as Shaya Goloshchekin (Шaя) by the diminutive from the name Isay in Yidish. "Filipp" is his party cryptonym. >From the family of a Jewish contractor.
Michael Clark
So Capitalism works with Worker's rights? So communism is unnecessary anymore.