/brit/

[Jack Cooper]

Are Nige edition

[Henry Nelson]

Where in new york is the cheapest place too rent a 3 bedroom house. Or is all of new york really dear

[Cooper Foster]

Anyone watch the makeup chair channel on YouTube. I don't know why but I like watch it from time to time

[William Robinson]

penguins

[Aaron Sullivan]

Staten Island

[Cameron Jackson]

In the 11th and 12th centuries, a series of popes challenged the authority of European monarchies. At issue was who, the pope or monarchs, had the authority to appoint (invest) local church officials such as bishops of cities and abbots of monasteries. The conflict ended in 1122, when Emperor Henry V and Pope Calixtus II agreed on the Concordat of Worms. A brief but significant struggle over investiture also occurred between Henry I of England and Pope Paschal II in the years 1103 to 1107. William the Conqueror had accepted a papal banner and the distant blessing of Pope Alexander II upon his invasion, but had successfully rebuffed the pope's assertion after the successful outcome, that he should come to Rome and pay homage for his fief.

In 1075, Pope Gregory VII composed the Dictatus Papae. One clause asserted that the deposal of an emperor was under the sole power of the pope. In 1076 Gregory responded by excommunicating Henry, and deposed him as German king,[10] releasing all Christians from their oath of allegiance. In 1081, Henry invaded Rome, for the first time, with the intent of forcibly removing Gregory VII and installing a more friendly pope. regory soon died at Salerno, in 1085, but not before a last letter in which he exhorted the whole of Christianity to a crusade against the Emperor.

In the long term, the decline of imperial power would divide Germany until the 19th century. Davis argues these rifts were so deep and lasting that neither Germany nor Italy were able to form a cohesive nation state until the 19th century.

The papacy grew stronger from the controversy. No longer would kings and emperors think themselves equals of the pope, or the head of the Church in their kingdom. This was the situation from 1122 until the Reformation.

>"""""""CATHOLICS""""""""

[Juan Wood]

trenton, NJ
it's up and coming lad

[Brody Nguyen]

a good portion of posters in /brit/ are insufferable autists tbqh

[Charles Morales]

Teen wolf season 3 has been the series so far. Not sure if anyone watches it here. Petty sky living stopped showing

[Brayden Ortiz]

YARRRRRRRRRRR