>he was not yet a prisoner, and considering the lightning he shot out of his fingers, he was certainly well armed
The most powerful Jedi in the galaxy had a lightsaber at Palpatine's throat. The second-most powerful Jedi in the galaxy was right there next to him, to back him up. It was over.
>As with most things, I think this was mostly in his head.
I find this very hard to believe. Anakin, the headstrong, impulsive, arrogant Jedi with the ultimate "I'm the hero" complex and serious mommy issues, never tried to rescue his mother? That's unlikely.
>He did not have any children at the time he was dreaming.
His unborn child. Come on, you know what I meant. Parents often start thinking of the fetus as their child very early in pregnancies, this is why miscarriages can be so traumatic and why abortion is such a big issue.
>Considering that there are only supposed to be 2 Sith lords at any given time, the analogy to Muslims isn't a fit one.
But canon non-movie material disproves this, doesn't it? There were plenty of dark side followers running around. Also, the Jedi knew that a Sith Lord was controlling the Separatists, but who is to say that the Sith Lord wasn't Count Dooku? As far as Anakin knows and understands, Palpatine is a wise, kind old man who has dabbled in a religion strictly forbidden by the Jedi Order. This is enough to get out brainwashed young monk to pull a lightsaber on him, but not enough to make Anakin think "ok, he's controlling the Separatists".
There simply isn't any proof. By the way, in the EU books (which might be non-canon now), the Jedi had proof that there was another Sith Lord, and that he was somebody high up in the Republic. But guess what? They never shared this information with Anakin, because they didn't trust him. It's beautifully ironic, they sealed their own fate by refusing to have faith in him. Palpatine, on the other hand, had total faith in Anakin, and it paid off.