SCIENTISTS OF Sup Forums - Thread #2

Old one is here How many actually scientists or grad students browse Sup Forums? I despise the fact that the ((march for science)) is said to represent every scientist while there are just a bunch of MLP-tier hipsters with signs.

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danisch.de/blog/2017/04/23/aufmarsch-der-wissenschaftsheuchler/
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Am interested in continuation of and from the last thread

Chemical engineering master race reporting in.

To get the silicon purity level needed for those cells mentioned in your pic, you need to smelt silica ore. That process alone generally releases more greenhouse gases than will be recovered during the lifetime of using the solar panel.

>But muh green energy.

Only real green energy source capable of handling base load generation is nuclear.

Read this OP: danisch.de/blog/2017/04/23/aufmarsch-der-wissenschaftsheuchler/

I graduated in two hard sciences a few years ago and work as a data scientist.

Applied mathematics and electrical engineering

Yep, I'm just interested in feasibility. If you use one solar panel (or other solar electricity) for your own house, without batteries, and combine it with the grid (just use solar when you can), can you save money in the long term? Will it survive long enough without degrading? Or is it completely useless?

Truth.

Also what about geothermal? I recall thinking that was a really clever way of taking advantage of the variable temperatures as you move down into the ground. Is there a reason this one never really saw the light of day? Seems like a really ingenious manipulation of a closed fluid loop considering none of that energy is being harnessed and is literally just being released as heat without performing work.

Of course it might be one of those "low power yield per dollar spent" kind of things, I don't wager myself an electrical engineer by any stretch of the imagination, so I am willing to be caught off guard by something you have to say about this.

>Which is why I like the example of quantum tunneling and its relation to nuclear fusion in stars and the fact that without it we could not have the star necessary for our very existence. You got good, tested science, you can see the object in question with your own eyes and it relates to your own life and fundamental existence. And after that you can expand into esoteric territory.

Yes, that's a good way to show it. "Esoteric things" like string theory is cool, it just needs to be explained as the usual work of theoretical physics, end of story.

Indeed trying to explain "basic" Physics, including QM, with Physics that one can see everyday is the key to have a good starting point in outreach. Also, if one assumes that things can work like waves in QM, basically quantum tunneling is easily explained, cause we experience everyday sound waves "tunneling" from one room to another across a wall. These things are not so complicated.

right, so start a poll on Sup Forums and get a few to convince yourself that your little anecdote means you are in the majority.

shut the fuck up and sit the fuck down.

only retarded greenfags are against nuclear.

I will be starting a PhD in genetics at Duke this coming fall.

Nuclear is just better though

What do you think about fission vs fusion nuclear?
I've heard about lockheed martins reactor, sounds pretty promising..

What would you say is the best type of solar cells, if any at all? From a ecological and cost perspective.

// Not an expert in the field. CEO in a small AV company :)

Mostly did applied math, but I'm pretty sure fusion still releases radioactive byproducts, so I don't think it will make a huge difference?

Pretty sure solar can be called better if it allows you to save money, question is, does it really? There's much political agenda on both sides.

Fusion energy is the future. But we will be falling for the oil Jew for many more decades sadly. And even IF the entire west went to fusion as its main energy source, Saudi Terroristia and others wouldn't be out of business.

Geothermal did see the light of day, but just not in large quantities. The issues surrounding it is you need to find large enough heat reservoirs that you can draw on for extended periods of time.

During my undergraduate we had a presentation from a New Zealand company that operates a geothermal plant, and the lad explained a lot of the issues to us. One main issues is judging how much heat you can withdraw, without depleting the heat reservoir too quickly. Additionally most heat reservoirs are close to volcanic areas, due to the larger quantities of underground heat in those areas.

As well there are issues regarding scaling of the piping systems coming from the underground. The most advanced geothermal plants have a closed loop system, that uses a heating-fluid to gather heat from the underground and a heat exchanger to transfer it to a steam loop. The problem is when you pump a large volume of the heating fluid underground into a reservoir you bring up large amounts of sediments and other products in the fluid (low-quality steam essentially). This clogs up the pipes and means the heat transfer rates drop significantly.

Geothermal still has potential, but it would be hard to do feasibly on a large scale.

Econ here. Not a science but ask if you have questions

Radioactive byproducts of fusion are ridiculously low in comparison to fission. Also no chernobyl or fukushima like scenarios possible, because in case of malfunction, it will just shut down.

>As I wrote in the other thread: yes, there is a physical analog, which is the way in which waves behave.
Physical vibrations are quite a bit different as there isn't any uncertainty involved so it isn't really a similar analog at all. The sound wave can propagate through the wall because it isn't a high enough potential barrier to reflect it in it's entirety. Make that wall out of thick enough lead and there would be 0% probability of finding it on the other side. This is never the case with quantum phenomena. Mechanical vibration is still a classical physics phenomena.

I'm a grad student in math but I don't really consider myself a scientist.

Geologist here. Drilling holes is really bloody expensive, so geothermal is suited to areas where there's a temperature anomaly such that you don't need to drill so deep. Think areas where there's been igneous activity.

Also hydro power is also usually seen as baseload in areas where there's plenty of water. NZ (size of one of your states) is pretty much mostly run on Hydro power with the coal power plant being shut down for ages.

I think the only reason solar is pushed is because they know it's ineffective

>Anyways, please tell you don't study hours a day you barely have a social life and are sleep deprive huebro?
Almost got me. I really like studying and I'm introvert as fuck, but at least I still have good nights of sleep. It's something I guess.

The other thread died

PhD in mathematics here. But not in academia anymore if that's what you're asking.

Don't know what's wrong with that March for Science thing, though. They should make themselves heard about the result of their research.

Not to dodge your question, but my reading into nuclear is mostly around safety regarding reactors. I read into this as I believe the current reactor methods we use are adequate, and generate more than enough power, however they are very much unsafe in the events of large scale catastrophes.

To that extent there was a promising reactor developed in the 1980's, which has been put back on the table by a few different companies recently. It is referred to as the Integral Fast Reactor, and is essentially meltdown proof (it has been tested several times). The reason it is meltdown proof is the moderator used is a molten salt, which in the event of a loss of power encases the reactor making it so none of the material can escape. It has been tested even with a full system power loss and still produced those results.

It also has the ability to recycle the nuclear fuel on site, meaning that the same fuel put in at the start of the reactor life can be used for a full system life span (about 25 years).

Interesting, the mathematical consistency you mentioned caught my attention, will check it. Must leave now (moving soon towards Sup Forums to TSUUUUU about the Clásico), but it was interesting having some actual discussions in Sup Forums.

med student working as a freelance programmer checking in

See, you started actually addressing points, I am so proud of you.

You didn't read the "chargemaster" part in the (cont.) so I am going to let that one pass. But I do actually address that issue. The majority of the costs of modern medicine take place as a result of either working citizens being bankrupted by medical costs (from hospital chargemasters), or in the actual "institutional" or "facility" fees the hospital lobbies into the price of care. The actual expenditures found in brand name drugs, costly surgeries, and equipment are usually recouped in the first month or so of their utilization by the hospital, or simply passed onto the tax payers in the form of paying for institutions that maintain a status of "non-profit" despite a 50% return net income compared to expenditures.

There is certainly some level of collusion between pharma and the government, but it makes sense that you would require a monolithic institution to formulate, synthesize and test a new drug and dispense it out into the population. However what does NOT make sense is the notion that it is impossible to work as a private practice doctor seeing individual patients and having to spend 80k/yr on paying a fucking medical accountant to ensure all your boxes are checked before you can wait 2 months for a payment to roll in. This is inherently harmful to the medical system and only further establishes a monopoly on healthcare as held by "public" hospitals.

Shit man, if you actually are an economist and you want to comment on the state of medical economics I would hope that you had at the very least read "The Bitter Pill" and become acquainted with where your fucking dollars are actually going. When a hospital charges you $1.50 for a fucking generic tylenol, that value doesn't go to the manufacturer, because the hospital buys them by the truckload at a cost of $0.05/tablet. Hospital associations spend more money lobbying than the ENTIRE mil.indus.complex combined.

>I'm pretty sure fusion still releases radioactive byproducts
Toxic byproducts such as He, H and possibly water vapour.

Fusion is also much safer because the process will simply cease to stop if something fails and the machines shut down.

I think Harald Lesch did a really good job with his alpha centauri series. Although sometimes a little more clarity and less goofing around for entertainment purposes would have made some complex matters easier to understand. I've watched all over 200 of them though and it got me interested in science. - Sadly he too is an anti-AfD shill. It was very disappointing to see a man you respected intellectualy and found likeable to go full commie and anti-RACIS on political issues.

I don't know why that can happen to scientists who should be used to using logic, evidence and reason in important matters.

elo konowale

what are you working on?
care to tell where you graduated?

>it's ineffective
It is ineffective. But nothing says you can't save some money with it long term. That's what I'm trying to understand

Well shit, I was hoping it was a simpler process that even the difference of a few degrees C way down would be enough to cause an effective thermal expansion and flow of fluid.

Thanks for the info, I honestly think nuclear is the best option, but you need to make sure it is in a place that isn't near a cliff, low seismic activity, and isn't built/managed to the standards of three mile island or chernobyl, which is effectively the same thing as saying, don't judge a toyota by the standards of a unicycle that has a turbojet engine strapped to it with ductape and coarse twine.

aren't there already ways to use both?

I think you can't really get rid of the batteries though.

Depends where the plant is. If the area is prone to disasters, you're an idiot for putting a plant there. Just ask the Japanese.

Well think of it this way, the technology has improved dramatically since it first started. Originally they were pumping steam into the reservoir, taking it back up, and passing that through the turbine. Imagine how quickly the turbine would have become completely gummed up with all of the particulate.

These things come in leaps and bounds. I had an interesting idea one time. Never really toyed with it much. But imagine if you built an underground chamber at the depth of the reservoir (essentially a room in the reservoir). That way you could mitigate any particulate coming in, and have temperature/quality monitoring instrumentation in there. You'd be able to keep much more careful track of the temperature fluctuations, and likely be able to use the reservoir indefinitely.

Intresting reading, too bad they shut down the project in US..

I wonder if any chemical reaction (not nuclear) for enough heat to drive a steam turbine would be sustainable or even possible. Maybe someone here already have tried that?

"Alright we got it all set and done. But where do we put our new nuclear plant, Nakagawa sama?
"I know: right next to the coast-line in one of the worst sea-quake and tsunami ridden places on earth! That should just work out fine."

It wasn't the location, it was their piss poor design. They knew the sea wall wasn't high enough, and they also put their backup generators below sea level. Both issues were known prior to the disaster. It was them just being a bunch of lazy cunts that got them into that mess.

I think the environmental movement was originally something good (1940-1980) however, as it stands now it's full of commies with extremely questionable scientific backrounds.

If you look at what is being pushed for clean energy it's all things that can't work or or cannot work with current technology. I don't think solar or wind will ever be good energy sources. We should encourage fission currently and try and move towards fusion.

I think maurice Strongs comment should be taken at face value, the current environmental movement is designed to try and destroy the west to create global equality.

Likely not, as very few materials would have the energy density of uranium. A gram of uranium could power the average North American house for a year.

I am in grad school in engineering.

Climate change is real, but this science march is bullshit.

Science has nothing to do with modern left.

It should have not included any anti-racism or transgederism stuff.

No. The majority if "cost" is not DUE to bankruptcy. Bankruptcydoes not INCREASE costs. Costs INCREASE bankruptcy. Are you 13?

The cost increases come from a variety of systems of guaranteed payments regardless of cost, usually from the government, which are mandated by your retarded plan

99% of medical procedures except emergency intervention should be paid out of pocket on a market basis.

Will you pay half a million for geandma to stay alive one more week? No, you'll let her die. But medicare and medicaid pay for these kinds of things, so of course, just hand the bill yo the tax man

Some people need to be left to die. Period. That is where most of the costs go

You're addressing a staw man. You'll lower costs by involving the state? Ask venezuela how that went. They can't afford WATER yo wash their surgery tables

You want to address healthcare by talking about drugs. That's retarded. It's the state.

>wow man, i be you didn't even read "cool book XQ87"
oh gee. Are you gonna tell me to read freakanomics or fast food nation next? What a paragon of intellect

Computer scientist reporting

But I'm not caring about the environmental part at all.

I was in geometric topology/varieties. Graduated at the LMU. Can't tell you any more, this field is very narrow.

MSc here. I find the March on Science hilarious. People are so fucking deluded into social justice now and virtue signalling that they can't comprehend critical thinking. Honestly, if people would just look at a single topic and look at 2 different sources for who is reporting such as FOX+MSNBC they would be astonished at how the exact same topic is covered in 2 radically different ways

>Appeal to authority.

Not an argument Hans. Even if climate change is real, you have to show that it is in fact conclusively because of man made activities, and also that it is not being caused by other viable phenomenon. For example, there is credible evidence to show that climate change is heavily linked to solar activity cycles. Essentially rather than the earth's temperature changing because of how much energy is being maintained, it changes based on how large of an input it is getting from the sun.

I believe we are at the end of the 24th recorded solar cycle at this point, and are actually going to be headed toward a period of global cooling.

MS in environmental engineering

Electrical Engineer grad student here. Fuck the left.

My point is the push for solar is no accident. I think it's being pushed because there really is nothing there of value to be gained

Well rather than pass it through a filter, why not just have a closed loop piping system that simply flows purified water? you could even adjust it mildly with extremely low pKb/pKa solutes (simple H+ or OH-) to protect against eventual pipeline degradation by the flowing fluid.

Again, likely a total retard question, but I figure this is a good place to ask.

Was it a private or a state owned company which built, owned and maintained the Fukushima plant?

>I think you can't really get rid of the batteries though.
If you combine it with grid you can get rid of the batteries. But I'm not sure if solar panels are actually better than other ways to get solar power, and if it saves you a penny in the long term (considering panels degrade over time).

Biochem grad student here, gonna master out though. Internal drive ain't there to work long weeks for shit pay. As a TA I try and get the students to actually think critically and question their professors, though.

TEPCO was the company that owned and operated it. I believe they may be private, but am not sure. I am about to go exercise, so you could always google it and find out.

Environmental movement was like that since at least the sixties. Just look at the Club of Rome and their doomsday scenarios. And the most radical cultural marxist party is the Greens in Germany. It was intertwined from the start. It used to be a NatSoc theme at the beginning.

Not even temotely an expert in this field but I'm skeptical of solar

The same people were pushing solar roads 3 years ago, ehich is anbidea so ridiculous that anyone who oushed for it should be shot in the head

It's probably pushed for the wrong reasons and the idea is really old.

It's probably has little value for the capitalists, as if it works well and long, the market quickly saturates.

But it might be valuable for users, that's what I'm trying to get here. Not many energy sources are relatively independent from the 3d party after all.

Tepco is a orivate conpany but that doesn't mean anything. In japan china and taiwan all companies are jointly owned by major national banks and the government directly, and all national banks are jointly hel by major companies.

It's a strange mix of caoitalism and socialism that requires an essay to explain. The system is as utterly incomprehensible to someone withot familiarity as the idea od caoutalism is to someone without a basic education

Psychology graduate student, quantitative so I mostly study statistics. It's really sad how political a lot of these smart people are getting; a lot of my colleagues went out to the march while I stayed at home doing science all day. This Trump thing has really fucked some people up in the head. I blame MSM for radicalizing the left.

And now they can't walk it back because of the purity spiral. Fortunately there are enough apathetic or redpilled folks in academia to stick it through, when they start purging professors for not being activists I'll probably start a YouTube channel or something.

A risky location increases build costs. This is where they try to cut corners. As a result, it doesn't make political sense when account for the human factor.

It also relies on a risk assessment being accurate. In this case, the sea wall was designed base on folklore. There was no way it was stopping a 14m wave from an earthquake who's mechanism was the first of its kind recorded.

> I'm a grad student in math but I don't really consider myself a scientist.
which school? UBC here

>((march for science))

cost to society numbnuts. Holy shit I shouldn't need to explain that. People who are bankrupted by medical bills produces less nominal value for society in the form of productivity.

Emergency medicine bills are literally the most expensive high return/cost expenditures that take place in medicine. This is not an accident, hospitals intentionally build huge ED's to capitalize on this concept.

You can't pay out of pocket when the actual billing the hospital produces is 1000%+ the cost of service. Do you think paying out of pocket will somehow alleviate this issue?

Most people are left to die, they dwindle in nursing facilities but most of that cost is recouped in the form of bankrupting the elderly before medicare starts footing the bill for their care, at which point these patients tend to be "deprioritized" over those who haven't been bankrupted yet.

The issue, if you had enough reading comprehension to understand what I actually said, is hospitals. And the means by which you address that issue is through the state. As most if not all of these are "public" institutions, they derive a special taxation exception due to their standing as "non-profit" despite making $1.50 for every dollar they spend, which is a margin of utility that is ONLY found in hospitals and in no other institution of their size (costs roughly 500 million dollars a year to run a level 3 trauma center for a reasonable population density area).

I told you to read a 42 page article published in Time because it is the best introductory text to the very problems I am expounding on, and considering your complete status of being out of touch with how the medical economic system even functions, I figured you should bother to educate yourself at least with a fucking primer. But I suppose that Econ 101 class you are in has taught you literally everything you need to know about how currency exchanges between various parties in ALL SYSTEMS EVER.

...

PhD in chemistry, moved into law

I have a PhD in Physics and I do research in experimental condensed matter physics. I have published several articles in Nature-baby journals.

I believe current science, even hard science, is being gradually corrupted by hype and badly oriented incentives for grants, which is selecting the wrong kind of people for faculty jobs. I am convinced that even slight political pressures will greatly warp studies into complicated topics, and so I am skeptical (but not dismissive) about concerns over global warming. It's something I want to read up more on, but haven't had the time... too busy lurking on Sup Forums.

The March for Science was meaningless bullshit taken over by "those damn marxist postmodernists" (in Prof Peterson's terminology) and it accomplished nothing. In fact science is giving us direct evidence AGAINST the egalitarian view, see for example Charles Murray's work.

...

What do you think of Charles Murray's stuff (e.g., The Bell Curve) and psychometrics in general? He seems to think there is a massive repill on the horizon due to the improving science in genetics and neurology. And he is worried that when the cognitive dissonance is removed, people are going to get zealous in the opposite direction.

looks like levels will be below normal in year 2400

thats great news

>Sadly he too is an anti-AfD shill. It was very disappointing to see a man you respected intellectualy and found likeable to go full commie and anti-RACIS on political issues.

>I don't know why that can happen to scientists who should be used to using logic, evidence and reason in important matters.

I'm a Scientist, and anti-racist, anti-AfD, commie as wel. Thanks to logic, evidence and reason used in a proper way, not falling into liberal fag memes like Americans.

But oh well, nevermind. I'll check Harald Lesch.

>I'm a Scientist, and anti-racist, anti-AfD, commie as wel.
Thanks for giving me another disappointment.

Maybe you should teach high school.

physics master race reporting in

a lot of scientists were TOTAL hill-shills or absolute anti AfD
even a prof I knew before, which I truly respect

I want to understand so badly what is going on between his ears

Physical chemistry reporting for duty. I use high powered lasers to observe/discern physical properties at the molecular level, and quantum mechanics to compute the (mostly) correct physical representation of molecular structures. The latter of which is essentially a form of checking my work. I say this because computational chemists take molecular modeling to the absolute extreme and most cringe at our 'haphazard methods.' Their autism just can't deal with any results that aren't accurate within the infinite percentile. Which is fine, but, even with our supercomputer, the workload is quite tedious. Some calculations can literally take years. So we cut corners where we can to get the job done in a reasonable amount of time. The consequences of which are things like - being slightly off in symmetry calculations, not reaching the absolute minimum energy confirmation, and slight errors in bond length/angle. These are certainly undesirable outcomes but usually necessary for the sake of brevity.

Additionally, note that the only institutions affected by the removal of chargemaster accounts are public hospitals, and not private practices, which means the price fixing only occurs at the level of those who seek special treatment from the state. This in no way makes it so you are incapable of determining the value of your work as a medical professional in a private setting. You want to charge $4,000 to look in someone's ear as a private practice doc? Go nuts, but realize that you will face consequences from the market as no one will seek you for an otoscopic exam because they can get the exact same level of care from the dude down the road only charging $50 for it.

If you think that prescription drugs and medical professionals are the real cost of health care, you are literally deluding yourself. Only 5-10% of the monetary payments to hospitals for various services goes to physicians, which means if they all took a 50% voluntary decrease in wages, the only benefit you would see is a 2.5-5% decrease in medical charges, which is literally meaningless. And as mentioned before, drug companies deserve the right to recoup losses from the process of creating new drugs, and it is literally counterintuitive and insane to demand that a new medication that treats coronary artery disease that has fewer side effects and greater efficacy be charged at the same rate as a 50 year old generic statin. How the fuck do you think money actually works? Does it just come raining down from the skies in your mind or do you actually think people/corporations shouldn't be allowed to be rewarded for generation of next level shit?

Fuck man, I know you are really into LARPing as an economist but you could at least try to produce something other than a piss poor impersonation.

The highest payout to hospitals occurs as a result of their purchasing a new X that they charge "brand new" rates for during the time in which it takes them to decide to purchase a new X 2.0.

Lel. I consider myself a race realist who is anti-racist. Judging an individual by the group they belong to is foolish. Judging groups on the basis of individuals is suicidal. The resentment which is fueling the modern left is that they have been sold a bill of goods which says that everyone is exactly the same and any differences are the result of oppression and exploitation.

You're welcome m8. Not trying to be patronizing, you're free to believe whatever you want, but if you have some kind of belief in Science sometimes done in a rational way, and that there is a pattern in commie Scientists, maybe you should re-think why, instead of falling for aweful Sup Forums race, pseudo-scientist "evolutionary" memes.

But whatever. The discussion about QM was cool. One of the best non-linear Scientists I know in Spain is a hard-core Opus Dei member.

>The resentment which is fueling the modern left is that they have been sold a bill of goods which says that everyone is exactly the same and any differences are the result of oppression and exploitation.

No, this is not fueling the >left, it's fueling retard American "liberals", which are not leftists. They bought all the post-modern ideology that is nothing but the ideological backbone of neoliberalism.

You might say the're """""cultural marxists"""", but lemme tell you, those guys hate Marx and communists even more than the average Sup Forumstard.

EXACTLY.

Race ignorance + anti-racism : "All unequal outcomes are a result of oppression!"
Race ignorance + racism : "I hate them niggers cuz they aint like me."
Race realism + anti-racism : "Blacks on average earn less because they are on average less capable. But we should treat each other based on individual merit."
Race realism + racism : "Niggers should be exterminated because their race is inferior."

As I mention in my previous post, "Hill-shills" are NOT leftists. By any means. They are hard-core liberals, and here liberal in the European sense, including liberal economy. It's a pity, but indeed Science is full of classists, pseudo-intellectual petty-burgeoise people who fuel the anti-Brexit position without looking at the classes actually supporting Hillary, Trump, Bernie, Brexit, etc.

Of course, why would they, they are liberals, hate Marx, and would never speak of class.

Cont. Additionally, the major problem with the hospital situation in comparison to the pharmaceuticals is that you as the patient HAVE NO ALTERNATIVES when seeking their care if it is determined that you need to have X be used in determining your diagnosis. Whereas if you actually really don't want to be given something like PCS9K because it is expensive you can always have the option of taking a less efficacious drug because that is never going to stop being an option. Therefor there is a strong incentive for drug companies to produce actually viable shit, and hospitals on the other hand are allowed to fritter their money however the fuck they want because they are the sole employers of 90+% of the medical personnel in the surrounding metro area, because they have bought out every single one of the private practices following their systematic production and manipulation of a system that solely benefits them and serves only to eliminate competition for pricing by private practices.

If you actually bothered to know a fucking damn about how the medical system actually works you would fucking know all of this, but I really don't mind teaching it to you because you seem at least half interested in portending anything even approximating a level of expertise in the matter.

Dick butts.

They are neoliberals you mean.

I've personally killed ~4000 mice, a hundred or so rats, a few dozen rabbits, and 3 dogs during my research. I wonder how these SJW would react to my scienceing.

>MLP-tier hipsters with signs.
What did he mean by this

Master in computer engineering, Artificial Intelligence, reporting in, and out.

Marxism is the opium of the intellectuals.

Perovskite

Well, ok. That would be a long discussion that probably in the end would be just a matter of naming things, so let's say I agree.

>Fusion energy is the future.
It's always the future. Speciffically 30 years in the future.

The issue isn't even the energy generation itself anyways, it's the energy transportation which tends to cost as much or more than the cost to produce the energy.

> Another leaf that isn't retarded
Exactly. Even with all of Sup Forumss memes, I can't bring myself to be hateful.

PhD epidemiology. Don't support the march for science's overt politicization and leftist/liberal leanings. Do support outrage over lack of funding for basic research, environmental regulations, and public health.

>Another major challenge for perovskite solar cells is the observation that current-voltage scans yield ambiguous efficiency values.[73][74] The power-conversion efficiency of a solar cell is usually determined by characterizing its current-voltage (IV) behavior under simulated solar illumination. In contrast to other solar cells, however, it has been observed that the IV-curves of perovskite solar cells show a hysteretic behavior: depending on scanning conditions – such as scan direction, scan speed, light soaking, biasing – there is a discrepancy between the scan from forward-bias to short-circuit (FB-SC) and the scan from short-circuit to forward bias (SC-FB)
What to expect out of it?

I have a B.Sc in physics and I'm just finishing to taught part of my M.Sc in theoretical physics.

>march for science

I don't like a lot of Sup Forums, but I still prefer it to those fucks.

You're a retard. Cost to society increases byvthe same amount whether it is localized on the spreadsheetbof an individual or sociejty at large. This is accounting 101. The only way to increase aggregate cost isbto increase the PRICES you idiot.

Every dollar a oerson spends on care, even if he pays it himself, is a dollar not going to productive saving/investment/industry

If the hospitals couldn't bill the government, guaranteed, the ers would shrink and pricing would reflect services. Thisvis finance 101. You're a retard.

JAPAN has out of pocket emergency services. The oruce doesn't spiral outbof control because there is competition and the government doesn't guarantee to oay for orice hikes

I'm calling you a retard because you're discussing minutae. Have you ever heard of rearrangig the decj chairs on the titantic?

Fixing minutae us not going to fix the system. The prucing mechanism is fundamentally broken. Examine any system that isn't broken and they demonstrate exactly what I'm talking about.

Time magazinebis written at an 8th geade level. Stop being a fucking faggot