>Race isn't a biologically recognised thing
How do I counter this, Sup Forums?
I've tried the evolutionary variation, but they either respond with "Evolution takes longer than that" (which makes no sense because genetic mutations can occur in a single generation) or "That doesn't mean they're a sub-species"
What do?
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ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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archive.is
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
snpedia.com
snpedia.com
iq-research.info
washingtonpost.com
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
eurekalert.org
msu.edu
nature.com
jstor.org
jstor.org
nytimes.com
sciencedaily.com
birdaz.com
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
aob.oxfordjournals.org
genomebiology.com
t1nyurl.com
amazon.com
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
jstor.org
sciencedirect.com
sciencemag.org
psyc.nott.ac.uk
mbe.oxfordjournals.org
eebweb.arizona.edu
cs.brown.edu
beheco.oxfordjournals.org
nature.com
majorityrights.com
guardian.co.uk
guardian
archive.is
pnas.org
cdnresearch.net
m.phys.org
nytimes.com
time.com
articles.washingtonpost.com
jnci.oxfordjournals.org
online.wsj.com
en.wikipedia.org
annualreviews.org
sciencedaily.com
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
plosone.org
plosone.org
en.wikipedia.org
en.wikipedia.org
en.wikipedia.org
evolution.berkeley.edu
twitter.com
Bump
Humm... 14143555...
1) Stop arguing with idiots. They're beyond hope.
2) Race is measured by genetic distance. It is a repeatable measurement, thus race is real.
...
...
Forensic scientists can discern race from a bone fragment. How? The 3 main races have different bone densities
How often can you take fucking DNA tests to verify things that aren't real?
the data sets used in these show fairly clearly that there's no way to biologically determine race among current human populations.
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
science.sciencemag.org
nature.com
Paper 1 is about evidence for genetic variation changing as we left Africa, but in the conclusion also say any patterns in variation are due to drift and not significant.
Paper 2 flat out says that SIRE doesn't pefecly match genetic tests, and can only fit it in some cases.
Paper 3 is something about immune system genetics
The conclusion of paper 4 also says that there is not significant genetic difference between any races.
The entire middle section is just garbage about SAT scores and SEC.
As for 6, all those papers are really old. After 2007 it was found ASPM and MCPH1 have nothing to do with IQ or any other mental trait like illness.
Volkmar and Piffer are pyschology profs that only got their garbage published in obscure psychology journals. They only try to show correlations between things and don't have any real training in genetics, just like the other hacks from the 70s like Rushton.
...
"Race", "breed", and "subspecies" all mean exactly the same thing, biologically. If race "[shouldn't be] a biologically recognised thing," then neither should "subspecies" or "breed". And yet, there are hundreds of peer-reviewed scientific papers published every year concerning one subspecies or another of animal. In fact, the concept of subspecies is so important in evolutionary biology that many in that field believe that subspecies are the precursors to new species. The races of humankind are clearly the various subspecies of the human animal, regardless of what cowardly "experts" are willing (allowed) to say.
>Forensic scientists can discern race from a bone fragment.
Poorly.
Of course, these "superiors," "inferiors," and
"intermediates," are not parked off by clear-cut lines; on the
contrary, they shade imperceptibly into each other, and
between the classes there lie intermediate zones composed
of "border-line" individuals whose exact classification
is hard to determine. Nevertheless, these classes
do exist, just as day and night exist. At dawn or twilight,
we cannot say of any particular minute: "This is
day, and next minute will be night." Yet day and night
are facts of transcendent importance, and we accordingly
grade the hours into categories of light and darkness
which, though slightly arbitrary, are essentially true.
Semantic argument because race is a categorisation of ethnicity.
It's like saying there's no such thing as a sword because it's a general term to encompass several kinds of weapons which are greatly distinct from one another.
...
If race doesn't exist, then does that mean racism doesn't exist as well??
>believing out of Africa
...
Not an argument. OOA is real.
...
...
>tfw all tests are U.S. based
point them to the 10000 year explosion by cochran and harpending
the knowledge that evolution does not need that long is sort of still working its way through academia
...
How can someone be racist if race isn't real?
The best possible argument I've heard for race isn't real.. or race is a 'social construct'.. is because an individual has genetic variance despite being part of a 'race'.. ie; We've got 46 chromosomes and it's possible to tell whether a person has african chromsomes or non-african chromsomes.
You can judge their phenotype to see which ones they have for SURE, but what about the ones that are recessive due to a mixed race ancient great great grandfather.
Is that person still black? Even though they have white genes? What % counts for what? What is that based on? From that thread earlier it's pretty apparent that you can mix white or mix OUT white in as little as 3 generations...
So if that's the case what is race? Is it just phenotypes? If I have a black guy that happens to have white IQ, and everything else white except he's got big lips, dark skin and a monkey skull shape, what 'race' is he?
If I have a white guy, that looks white but has African intelligence genes, and African temperament genes.. what race is he?
At some point people just conclude that race is what you identify as in the presence of heavy admixtures and therefore it's a social construct.
Goes a long way to showing though that FULLY 100% black people, and fully 100% non black people are genetically very different.
You break out the dictionary and look up race.
race
noun
noun: race; plural noun: races
each of the major divisions of humankind, having distinct physical characteristics.
First, nice quads.
Read the chapter on that lying kike Franz Boas in The Culture of Critique. Learn how the big lie started. Also point out that medicine and forensics are full of scientific knowledge about race; they have to be; they just keep it quiet for fear of the Jews. A child could sort black and white skulls with ease.
If you've got the time, good Jew Michael Levin's Why Race Matters is a masterpiece. Not excessively long.
>still posting this shit
>still implying race is only skin deep
Fuck off Schlomo.
>Race isn't a biologically recognised thing
If that's true why can't someone be transracial?
Why not save white people? for the same reason you don't set up nature to preserve for rats and bugs.
Learn some basic science, please. It's little more than a hunch.
This doesn't imply race is skin deep at all. In fact it implies the OPPOSITE.
It implies that race is made up of a lego-kit of different parts that are extremely interchangeable.
The parts that code physical looks are completely different from those that encode things like intelligence.
In this case what is a race? 100% of one kit? What about mxied kits what 'race' are they?
What if they have ALL the lego parts to look white, but none of the legos to ACT white? What race are they then?
What if the reverse happens, they LOOK black, but they ACT white in terms of genetic behaviour/intelligence. What race are they THEN?
also for morphology (not a lot of genetics) Baker's book titled simply Race (1972) is it. Basically a field guide to human types.
>H. sapiens didn't originate from Africa
>I'm not going to back my claims though
>rats and bugs
You mean shitskins and kikes?
>skin deep
archive.is
>Kat Blaque, a transgender black woman says, “Gender is not a biological trait passed from parent to child, whereas race is.” In other words, racial features are passed on, but gender is innate. Blaque explains that darker skin is the result of melanin, which was an evolutionary trait to protect people from the sun. Race is something that is only available to certain people. Blaque points out that Dolezal can wash off her makeup and resume life as a white woman any time she wants to, but transgender people can’t do that. They are not defined by what they are wearing because it is an innate part of who they are.
>As for 6, all those papers are really old. After 2007 it was found ASPM and MCPH1 have nothing to do with IQ or any other mental trait like illness
The paper;
>ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
>Instead, our data are consistent with a model of population subdivision followed by introgression to account for the origin of the D allele
>the lineage leading to modern humans was split from another Homo lineage, and the two lineages remained in reproductive isolation for ≈1,100,000 years
>During this period of reproductive isolation, the modern human lineage was fixed for the non-D allele at the microcephalin locus, whereas the other Homo lineage was fixed for the D allele
>At or sometime before ≈37,000 years ago, a (possibly rare) interbreeding event occurred between the two lineages, bringing a copy of the D allele into anatomically modern humans
>Furthermore, the worldwide frequency distribution of the D allele, exceptionally high outside of Africa but low in sub-Saharan Africa (29), suggests, but does not necessitate, admixture with an archaic Eurasian population
>It would be of great interest to sequence the microcephalin locus in Neanderthals or other archaic Homo lineages, should it become technically feasible to retrieve and analyze nuclear DNA from ancient hominid remains
Which they did;
>journals.plos.org
>from Neanderthal individual from Mezzena Rockshelter (Monti Lessini, Italy)
>We show that a well-preserved Neanderthal fossil dated at approximately 50,000 years B.P., was homozygous for the ancestral, non-D, allele
>certainly shows that speculations on a possible Neanderthal origin of what is now the most common MCPH1 haplogroup are not supported by empirical evidence from ancient DNA
No
...
Jews should rejoice at the fact that Christian Europe is losing its identity as a punishment for what it did to us for the hundreds of years were in exile there.
This implies exactly that race is skin deep, it totally ignores the damage done to the bloodline by integrating inferior peoples into it.
We've been over this in one of your previous threads and you couldn't successfully argue your point, instead ducking out and leaving the thread to 404.
If you think it's so "unfortunate" that Australians didn't intergrate all the fucking abbos into their bloodlines then I suggest you fuck off into the jungle and start shagging monkeys.
In Kindergarten, you don't hang out with people who look completely different from you. You hung out with people who were similar to yourself and to your family as they were what you were used to and were less scary than someone completely opposite.
Racism is natural, not being racist isn't.
OOA is nowhere near settled
>What race are they THEN?
Exactly what you propose we turn our entire nations into, mongrel scum.
Nobody's buying it /leftypol/.
They are right, you know. There is a different between race and ethnicity. Hitler was an autist. Aryan race was a meme. Hitler sided with Muslims to kill French and Brits. Allied with Slavs then Lebensraum.
Guy was a German supremacist and just used propaganda to push his degeneracy. That’s why he had to be stopped. He fucked the German people into oblivion and it’s sad what he did
I can't help you, because I don't know what "biologically recognized" means.
“Arab migration has been the best thing that’s happened to Europe in the past 50 years. Arabs in Europe are a fact of life. It’s time we started to accept that there’s no way to block the migration of Chinese, Pakistanis or Arabs to Europe.
Another gene related to brain size, ASPM, shows even stronger geographical division, displaying a hypertrophic G allele that;
>ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
>reaches high frequencies in Central and Western Asia, Europe and North Africa, as well as in Papua-New Guinea (but there are reasons to suspect contamination; see Discussion) and very low frequencies in East Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, and the Americas
>MCPH-D is very frequent in Asia, Europe, and the Americas, moderately frequent in North and East Africa, South-East Asia, and Oceania (see comment on Papua-New Guinea), and very rare in Central, Western, and South sub-Saharan Africa
>We propose that their effects involve subtle differences in the organization of the cerebral cortex, with cognitive consequences including linguistic biases in the processing and acquisition of linguistic tone
>snpedia.com
Orange is AA, green is AC, and blue is CC. The three letter codes can be read here;
>snpedia.com
YRI, LWK and MKK are all African populations, and ASW is the acronym for American blacks.
If you look at pic related, you can see that CC only exists in Africans.
Only homozygotic Africans express microcephaly, but the point is that the CC homozygote genotype only exists in African populations. The low IQ's of every sub-Saharan African country is the evidence required to prove that blacks are clincally retarded, and that the C allele is associated with low IQ - as you can see, AC is also almost entirely limited to the African populations.
...
Sure there is. If it gets sickle cell, it's a fucking nigger. Obviously.
There is more genetic differen between individuals of the same "race" than between individuals of different "races".
Race is mostly a social construct, at best we have different haplogroups and the products of their mixing.
You can take any child of any race, raise them in an environment that provides them the most likely shot at succeeding, and they will all do roughly the same. High socio economic standing, stable family situation, safe environment, an early focus on the importance of education, strong social bonds etc.
>Race isn't a biologically recognised thing
you cant that person is too fucking retarded and mentally gone for any counter argument to change his mind
No one that is seriously debating this is arguing that it's skin deep.
What they're saying is:
Each race is like a box of legos, or a lego kit. The lego blocks are individual genes.
We can point at any 'gene'. or lego block (for instance big lips for simplicity).. and say that 'belongs' to/originated in a particular lego kit. (or race).
But humans are actually very mixed already (which is the argument used against hybrid vigor). Most people in modern america are not all made out of legos from the same kit. They're a huge mixture.
Some lego blocks code for things like curly hair, dark skin.. others code for things like intelligence.
In this case, how can we point to a person (or a lego building amde from blocks of different kits) and say which 'race' (kit) they are? They are a mix.
Given this what is the scientific basis of race?
If we see someone that's 30% white, and 70% black we say that person is 'black'.. But why? Is it just majority that determines race?
Given that blacks are disliked for low IQ/aggression, we should filter out for the lego blocks that code specifically for that.. THESE BLOCKS ARE SEPERATE from those that code for dark skin, curly hair and big lips!.
Even worse, even someone that's 1 block white, 99 blocks black... could have the 1 white itnellgience block. We have no idea of the actual composition of these people.
ou might be able to say certain lego blocks come from certain boxes..
but the structures they build are not the boxes because of the mixtures. In that case scientifically what are the structures they built?
ie; Race itself isn't a scientific concept due to the existence of admixtures. You have to define arbitary rules like "1 drop" rule.. that makes a person have 'no' race.. or their own individual race.. but that opens up all kinds of inconsistencies, does everyone have their own race because everyone's genes are a little different?
>evolution takes longer than that
Uhh, what? This is an argument in your favor.
skull shape are different
>5 buckets of black paint
>1 bucket of white paint
>Watch guys, If I mix all this up, We'll get a indistinguishable white!
They don't dare put an Australian Aboriginal skull in that lineup.
Genes code everything, skull shape, intelligence, color, voice, hair...
The problem is genes mix. They mix part by part or the whole thing at the same time. What 'race' is the mixture? The fact that, that can't be answered in a scientific way without resorting to "One drop rule" and other 'social' divisions is why race is a 'social construct' and not a scientific one.
lol
Abo skull on the right
there is no reason to argue with the liberals who blindly refute the concept of race. people awaken to the reality that black people are not the same as white people daily just as black comedians pointed it out in the 90s the news does that today
the liberals will cheer for the home team and as they continue the descent into madness others decide they want off the ride. there is nothing you or any one else needs to do. keep it to yourself. people have made up their minds and it takes first hand experience or the realization that their faggotry has brought suffering to their own nation/city/town. your words mean nothing
The point isn't to mix 5 parts of black to 1 part of white. Nor am i suggesting white nations open the floodgates to all immigrants. What I am saying though is that, you could take in a small inflow of immigrants and MAKE them 100% white in 3 generations.
You might ask how is it 100%? Surely they would just mix like the ink and there would always be a darker-shade to the whole thing?
That's a misunderstanding of how genetics work. The genes aren't like liquids that mix completely... They are discrete like marbles, chromosomes to be exact.
Reproduction isn't like pouring the marbels into a pool of marbels..
Instead it's taken two buckets of marbles (parents). scooping out 50% of each bucket and emptying it in a new bucket. (The left over bits in the parents that didn't get scooped out DIE. they don't make it to the next generation).
IF we take 1 bucket of black marbels.. and put ti through this system.. Eventually the % of black marbels in every generation gets less and less UNTIL.. there comes a generation in which the last black marbel DOESN'T get scooped to the next generation. ie; The child is 100% white. Despite his/her parent having black DNA...he/she has NO black DNA at all. The black DNA has been destroyed via blanda.
This might take 10+ generations to completely destroy the DNA, but the point was that given mixing with PURE whites... within 3 generations the offspring is indistinguishably white in an everyday sense.
Why Ethnicity Matters in Bone Marrow Donation - Bone Marrow Drives
marrowdrives.org/cristina/ethnicity-marrow-donation.html
Why Ethnicity Matters. Racial and ethnic heritage are very important factors for patients looking for a marrow match. Because Cristina is of Italian descent her ...
Bone Marrow Transplants: When Race Is an Issue - TIME
content.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1993074,00.html
Jun 3, 2010 - Multiracial patients often have an incredibly hard time finding life-saving marrow matches. ... Compared to organ transplants, bone marrow donations need to be even more genetically similar to their recipients. ... Since all the immune system's cells come from bone marrow, a transplant ...
Race matters when a patient needs a stem cell or marrow transplant ...
washingtonpost.com
Aug 5, 2013 - “I didn't know anything about bone marrow transplants until I learned that I might need one,” says Anthony Thomas, 49, a financial consultant ...
BlackBoneMarrow.com | Why Race Matters
blackbonemarrow.com/why-race-matters/
Searching patients are most likely to find the best match within their own race or ... Below that is an infographic created by BlackBoneMarrow.com created using ...
Information & Statistics – Mixed Marrow
mixedmarrow.org/statistics-and-information
For many patients, a bone marrow transplant is their only chance at survival. ... of donors are minorities and 3% of potential donors self-identify as mixed race.
Girl in need of bone marrow donor highlights shortage of mixed-race ...
www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-bone-marrow-mixed-race-met-20150911-story.html
Sep 13, 2015 - Sophia Trujillo, 6, watches as her blood is drawn at Advocate Children's Hospital in Park Ridge on Sept. 4, 2015. She needs a bone marrow ...
nice
Nigger you skin is Black, mine is white and I build Spaceships and shit.
We wuz Aliens n Sheeeiit. We are not even the same species.
Mixedrace children suffer from more health problems
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Racemixing leads to outbreeding depression & pairings of non-complementary traits.
A massively well-funded study of over 100,000 schoolchildren found that “Adolescents who identify themselves as mixed race are at higher health and behavior risk than those of 1 race.” Indeed, even when controlling for education, socioeconomic status, and other factors, there is an across-the board higher rate of health risks amongst mixed race adolescents than mono-racial adolescents.
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
One study found that White-Asian mixes had a 2x higher rate of being “diagnosed with a psychological disorder, such as anxiety, depression or substance abuse.”
eurekalert.org
A study on Black-White mixes in agreement found that ”When it comes to engaging in risky/anti-social adolescent behavior, however, mixed race adolescents are stark outliers compared to both blacks and whites.” This holds true despite being raised in similar environments to mono-racial children.
msu.edu
Often race-deniers and cultural Marxists will bring up Haldane’s rule, arguing that since races can mix and create fertile offspring, the genetic distance is not too great. Haldane’s rule is “when in the offspring of two different animal races one sex is absent, rare, or sterile, that sex is the heterogametic [XY] sex.”
nature.com
Indeed, although Black-White mixes are not sterile and males are not absent, males (the heterogametic sex) are more rare than females.
jstor.org
The argument regarding Haldane’s rule is also meaningless because different species in the animal kingdom can breed and still produce fertile offspring. The wolf (Canis lupus) and the dog (Canis lupus familiaris), the coyote (Canis latrans), and the common jackal (Canis aureus) are separate species yet can all interbreed and produce fertile offspring.
jstor.org
Two species of orangutan (Pongo abellii from Sumatra and Pongo pygmaeus from Borneo) can interbreed despite having different chromosomal numbers.
nytimes.com
The common chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) and the bonobo (Pan paniscus) and many species of birds, such as the pintail (Anas acuta) and the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), can interbreed as well.
sciencedaily.com
birdaz.com
The gibbon and the siamang can also interbreed to produce a hybrid
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Some species that aren’t even in the same genus can interbreed.
aob.oxfordjournals.org
Black Americans are a hybrid race of around 22% White ancestry
genomebiology.com
This 22% ancestry is the cause of multiple negative health effects due to genetic incompatibility. Indeed, consistent with Haldane’s rule, unmixed Blacks from Africa and White Americans do not have the same rate of birth problems that hybrid American Blacks have: “In 2005, the mortality rate for black infants was 4.4 times higher than that of white infants… African women who come to the United States and have babies experience the same low rate of infant deaths as white American mothers.”
t1nyurl.com
“Indiscriminate interbreeding between distinct forms, whether ‘species’ or markedly different races, is not generally beneficial. The defect may show in a change in the sex-ratio of the offspring, probably caused by the early abortion of members of one sex, generally the male in the case of mammals.”
amazon.com
LTA4H, or “leukotriene A4 hydrolase” is found on chromosome 17. An allele of this gene increases the risk of heart attack (the #1 cause of death in America) in Blacks by more than 250%, but only 16% in Whites. The 30% of Whites with this allele have counteracting genes, while the 6% of Black Americans who obtained it through race mixing do not.
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
The average rate of success for mixed race couples is around half that of same race couples, 0.127 compared to 0.213.
jstor.org
There is evidence that the more similar the two people are, the happier their marriage tends to be.
sciencedirect.com
A study in Iceland showed that 3rd cousin marriages are the most fertile and successful. Suggesting that mating within one's ethnic/racial group would be more beneficial than outside of one's ethnic/racial group.
sciencemag.org
One study showed that people tend to find their own face when morphed into the opposite sex most attractive, even when he/she doesn't know it's his own face, strongly suggesting that people typically prefer those who look like themselves, in other words their own racial/ethnic group.
psyc.nott.ac.uk
Hybrid vigor (heterosis) does not seem to apply to humans as we are already very heterozygous, at 0.776 [mbe.oxfordjournals.org
I don't think you read my post.
I'm not saying that GEN 1 immigrants won't have strange effects from the mixing.
I'm saying than GEN 3 immigrants will basically be white.
Please stop spamming this shit,
you remind me of a muslim, when you insult allah or give him proof god doesn't exist.. he starts rapidly chanting and reciting shit in arabic at you.
Although some argue that race mixing "averages out" traits and since average faces are considered more attractive [cs.brown.edu
However this is fallacious as it assumes we are designed for perfect symmetry, when in fact the magnitude of asymmetry is the correct measurement and this random component fulctuates, also called "fluctuating asymmetry" - so more honestly a lower level of asymmetry correlates with increased attractiveness, not symmetry.
beheco.oxfordjournals.org
But does increased heterozygosity cause lower asymmetry? A meta analysis of 118 datasets in 14 studies showed a very weak inverse correlation between the two, showing that increased heterozygosity has no beneficial effect on symmetry or asymmetry
nature.com
One study on the craniofacial morphology in White-Amerindian mixed race individuals found that over half of the 52 shape variables deviated from the mathematical average completely shattering the above argument.
majorityrights.com
The neurotransmitter oxytocin "makes people more co-operative, benevolent, loyal, generous and trusting of others. It is involved in the parent-child bond - new mothers and fathers have raised levels of oxytocin. Production also increases when people hug and when they have sex and, recent research suggests, when they receive psychological warmth." However, oxytocin has been alleged to "foster racism."
guardian.co.uk
Archive time
>guardian co uk/technology/2011/jan/30/bright-ideas-oxytocin-hormone-racism
archive.is
If race is real as a biological scientific clear definition that neatly divides all races logically, then define what you mean by
>White race.
Look, just be cool and use Mussolini's definition. You won't get universal agreement but it's truthfully more honest than this muh race bullshit.
ask them if they even understand the concept of evolution. and emphasis how Africans and Arabs generally feel lethargic and worn down due to lack of vitamin d due to the colour of their skin, just how Europeans skin burns in places like Australia, Africa and the Middle East. if they can't see that as evolution than they are a lost cause
I'm not here for you. I don't care what you think or believe.
Nice tree.
Now define what those terms mean scientifically.
The study found that "intergroup bias that fuels prejudice, xenophobia, and intergroup violence… Which maybe modulated by brain oxytocin." This suggests that the instinctual desire to pursue the interests of one's own ethnic group to further ensure the existence of one's people is linked to racial bias, coinciding with the observation that diversity is a weakness, not a strength.
pnas.org
One study found that during the menstrual cycle when women have a higher likeihood of conception, racial bias is increased, especially when the likeihood of sexual intercourse was increased; "increased conception risk was positively associated with several measures of race bias. This association was particularly strong when perceived vulnerability to sexual coercion was high."
>Although egalitarians suggest that only a racist would consider race when it comes to reproduction and mate choice, this study observed a general, innate tendency to prefer one's own race especially when most likely to be impregnated.
cdnresearch.net
Then why are you literally replying to my post.
>The use of scrapers, bots, or other automated posting or downloading scripts is prohibited. Users may also not post from proxies, VPNs, or Tor exit nodes.
>>>/global/rules/14
wow, just wow
but "race is a social construct", right
distance. in terms of measurable difference of coordinates on a cartesian plane.
you fucking SCIENCE (tm) entropy product.
Die in shit.
>But humans are actually very mixed already (which is the argument used against hybrid vigor
The argument against hybrid vigor is outbreeding depression. Basically, an organism can be a homozygote for AA or BB, or it can be a heterozygote for AB.
Let's say these are both alleles of the fictional 'SIZE' gene, with A being the high-expression allele and B being the low-expression allele. More SIZE creates a bigger animal.
AB heterozygotes will lack the large body size of AA's, and the small body size of BB's - too small to work and too big to feed.
Health problems are generally caused by heterozygotism. On top of that, heterozygotic populations have a tendency to split into AA and BB homozygotes again if left to their own devices - there's always a 25% chance of two heterozygotes to create AA or BB homozygotes.
>Given that blacks are disliked for low IQ/aggression, we should filter out for the lego blocks that code specifically for that.. THESE BLOCKS ARE SEPERATE from those that code for dark skin, curly hair and big lips!
No one wants those, either.
you need to show them that joe rogan video where the biologist explains how racism is in our genes for survival
Race Is A Social Construct?
The Immune System: How Important Is Race?
>"If Nick Glasgow were white, he would have a nearly 90 percent chance of finding a matching bone marrow donor who could cure his leukemia."
The reason that mixed-heritage patients are so hard to match can be found in the immune system. Different races have developed certain proteins, or markers, that are part of the body's natural defenses. These markers help the immune system determine which cells are foreign and should be rejected.
Are cells racist?
A match between two people who share more genetically in common significantly reduces the risk of the donor and recipient cells attacking each other. (READ: cells from people of two different races will attack and fight each other as though they are a virus)
The more people of different backgrounds who produce offspring = the more types that are harder to match.
Multiracial patients have uncommon profiles and since there can be many possible racial and ethnic combinations in multiracial societies, finding a match can still be extremely difficult.
m.phys.org
As an example, a White mother of mixed-race child would have more genetically in common with a random White person on the street than with her own child.
If such a dramatic and fundamental alienation from your own parents if not horrific enough, With a mixed-race child diagnosed with leukaemia, every member of the child's own family becomes an incompatible donor for a bone-marrow transplant, and finding a compatible donor is unlikely:
>One obstacle to finding a matching donor was her mixed ethnic background. Her father is black, with West Indian and Panamanian roots. Her mother is white, with Russian-Jewish roots. In addition, only 5 percent of registered donors are black.
nytimes.com
> How do I counter this, Sup Forums?
Why would you? Whoever makes the claim has the burden of proof, no mater if it was a negative claim.
Here's how to counter it:
>Race isn't a biologically recognised thing
Prove it.
Bone Marrow Transplants: When Race Is an Issue
>''Compared to organ transplants, bone marrow donations need to be even more genetically similar to their recipients. Since all the immune system's cells come from bone marrow, a transplant essentially introduces a new immune system to a person. Without genetic similarity between the donor and the patient, the new white blood cells will attack the host body.
time.com
Race matters when a patient needs a stem cell or marrow transplant
>If you become ill with a blood cancer or other disease that requires a stem cell transplant, here's an uncomfortable fact: Your race matters. Diversity is a strength in much of life, [citation needed!] but it's a curse when finding a stem cell donor match.
articles.washingtonpost.com
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The Race for Ancestral Genetics in Clinical Trials
>A seasoned cancer researcher would never set up a study in which all the ill patients were, say, Canadian, and all the healthy controls were Japanese. And yet cancer researchers risk making a similar mistake if they overlook genetic information that fleshes out what many of us like to think of as race or ethnicity, some experts say.
>Fortunately, awareness of how ancestral genetics might contribute to risk of disease and drug response in people has risen over the last several years. Studies that look directly at the problem are on the rapid rise, and this increased interest has biotechnology companies lowering the cost of tests that determine genetic ancestry, thanks to a little competition. However, experts have yet to decide on how to genetically define ancestry, suggesting examining anywhere from a handful to hundreds of gene variants.
>Not including information on the race or ethnicity of study volunteers could skew disease risks as stronger or weaker than they really are.
>"Alzheimer's disease is the poster child for this problem," says pharmacogeneticist Esteban Burchard, M.D., of the University of California in San Francisco. A variant of the gene ApoE4 is a strong genetic risk factor for early-onset Alzheimer's disease, and the characteristic most likely to raise or lower that risk is race.
>"It occurs in about 20% of the African American population, and it means nothing. It occurs in about 6% of the Japanese, and it makes their risk six times higher [than that for white people]," Burchard said. "Something about being Japanese unleashes the wrath of the gene, and something about being African American attenuates it."
jnci.oxfordjournals.org
BiDil
>The FDA have approved a heart failure drug called Bidil, but only for blacks, as blacks do not benefit from conventional heart failure drugs.
online.wsj.com
Sickle-Cell Disease
Sickle cell anaemia is a condition found almost exclusively in blacks, about 1 in 4 west Africans carry the gene for it, almost no whites do. Any whites who carry the gene most likely have a black ancestor.
As a result of population growth in African-Caribbean regions of overseas France and immigration from North and sub-Saharan Africa to mainland France, sickle cell disease has become a major health problem in France. SCD has become the most common genetic disease in this country.
en.wikipedia.org
Are families biologically real?
Also nice quads.
Invasive species: Genes Are Destroyed With Admixture/Racial Mixing
Extinction by hybridization:
>Nonindigenous species can bring about a form of extinction of native flora and fauna by hybridization and introgression either through purposeful introduction by humans or through habitat modification, bringing previously isolated species into contact. These phenomena can be especially problematic for rare species coming into contact with more abundant ones. Increased use of molecular techniques focuses attention on the extent of this underappreciated problem that is not always apparent from morphological observations alone. Some degree of gene flow is a normal, evolutionarily constructive process, and all constellations of genes and genotypes cannot be preserved. However, hybridization with or without introgression may, nevertheless, threaten a rare species' existence.
annualreviews.org
The Island Model with Stochastic Migration:
>It is supposed that the migration rate and the immigrant gene frequency are independent of each other in each generation, and each of them is independently and identically distributed in every generation. The treatment is confined to a single diallelic locus without mutation. If the diploid population is infinite, selection is absent and the immigrant gene frequency is fixed, then the gene frequency on the island converges to the immigrant frequency, and the logarithm of the absolute value of its deviation from it is asymptotically normally distributed.
The above implies that if you have two genes in some frequency in the immigrant population, under one way migration that frequency becomes the dominant frequency on the island.
>How do I counter this, Sup Forums?
"Yes it is."
>We investigated various cases of the island model with stochastic migration. If the population is infinite, the immigrants have a fixed gene frequency and the alleles are neutral, the gene frequency on the island converges to that of the immigrants.
What this means is that the genes initially on the model island, in effect, disappeared.
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Evolution with Stochastic Fitness and Stochastic Migration
>Migration between local populations plays an important role in evolution - influencing local adaptation, speciation, extinction, and the maintenance of genetic variation.
>A number of studies have shown that when per capita population growth rate is treated as a random variable, rather than a fixed parameter, then directional evolution is influenced not only by the expected fitness of each phenotype, but also by the variance and other moments [23], [28]-[33]. This follows from the fact that, in a closed population, change in mean phenotype is inversely proportional to mean population fitness
plosone.org
Figure 1. The consequences of a negative correlation between fitness and immigration rate:
Figure 3. The relation between variance in immigration, selection, and in an island-continent model:
plosone.org
>bottom-right in picture.
>The curves show the change in mean phenotypic value assuming a mean phenotypic value as decided by a population's selection.
>The variance in migration is shown in descending value on the curves.
Though the mean rate of migration is the same on all the curves, it is clear that the the island can still get close to fixation of the phenotype favoured there, so long as the variance in immigration is high.
So for this figure, assuming that migration is an indefinitely persisting condition, migrants will prevent the local island favored phenotype from remaining intact, as they are essentially working against selection.
The models/simulations in these studies are based on understanding evolutionary genetics, on how migration influenced evolution, which makes them excellent sources for metaphors on the effects of modern immigration rates in human populations.
>No one wants those, either.
My point isn't that no one wants those.. it is that judging by them to determine race, and then associating those traits with low intelligence is scientifically incorrect, it does not follow in a robust sense.
Outbreeding depression defined as simply a midpoint between both genes such that it misses both niches is sensible but overall a crapshoot.
It makes sense when it's size.. but humans have a lot of genes that code for very strange things. There would be a lot of positive as well as negative effects from race mixing in GEN 1.
In any case, the idea that these traits are determined on the gene level, and people have a lot of genes that are mix-matchable means that defining race is tricky and unscientific.
eg. If we see a compeltely white guy, with black intellgience genes.. well we welcome him to the KKK, and he is our blood.
But if we see a black guy with big lips, with white intelligence genes inherited from his great great grandfather.. then he is a violent dumb ape and not white.
Given judgements like this.. are we NOT just judging on physical features? Is that what race is then? physical features?
Surely not? then what IS race? Genetic difference works in isolated populations... but in a place like America that measurement breaks down completely. Every 'black' guy is 20% white. Is he white or black then? WHat if he was 80% white?
is he still black? and if he is STILL not white.. he can't possibly also be black.. because he's only 20% black.
We get drawn into a completely unscientific crapshoot if w define race like that.
>race does not exist
>but we need diversity programs based on race
Amazing how obvious it is, right? This is why there is a war on "noticing"
You're not supposed to notice the hypocrisy or double-think either, BAD GOY!!
>How do I counter this, Sup Forums?
race IS a biologically recognized thing, the question is how do you counter facts like:
>race is largely based on a handful of macroscopic features
>individual fitness varies so much within races that "racial differences" are insignificant
>with human subjects, the participant-observers means it introduces unquantifiable bias (culture, history) into any study
>the concept of strain (single sexual cell mating, in humans, the individual) neatly explains every perceived difference in human ability
>you just spent weeks crying about the google memo where he said that population-scoped studies (e.g. race/the bell curve) are meaningless for real-life purposes
Genes Are Destroyed With Admixture/Racial Mixing
Nonindigenous species can bring about a form of extinction of native flora and fauna by hybridization and introgression either through purposeful introduction by humans or through habitat modification, bringing previously isolated species into contact. These phenomena can be especially problematic for rare species coming into contact with more abundant ones. Increased use of molecular techniques focuses attention on the extent of this underappreciated problem that is not always apparent from morphological observations alone. Some degree of gene flow is a normal, evolutionarily constructive process, and all constellations of genes and genotypes cannot be preserved. However, hybridization with or without introgression may, nevertheless, threaten a rare species’ existence.
annualreviews.org
Allopatric speciation
Allopatric speciation or geographic speciation is speciation that occurs when biological populations of the same species become vicariant — isolated from each other to an extent that prevents or interferes with genetic interchange. This can be the result of population dispersal leading to emigration, or by geographical changes such as mountain formation, island formation, or large scale human activities (for example agricultural and civil engineering developments). The vicariant populations then undergo genotypic or phenotypic divergence as: (a) they become subjected to different selective pressures, (b) they independently undergo genetic drift, and (c) different mutations arise in the populations’ gene pools.[1]
yeah but if you're african you don't need to go through being chinese to become white.
>Genes Are Destroyed With Admixture/Racial Mixing
THIS IS EXACTLY WHAT I'VE BEEN SAYING.
Finally you fucking get it.
The separate populations over time may evolve distinctly different characteristics. If the geographical barriers are later removed, members of the two populations may be unable to successfully mate with each other, at which point, the genetically isolated groups have emerged as different species. Allopatric isolation is a key factor in speciation and a common process by which new species arise.[2] Adaptive radiation, as observed by Charles Darwin in Galapagos finches, is a consequence of allopatric speciation among island populations.
en.wikipedia.org
en.wikipedia.org
Reproductive isolation - Sexual isolation by behavior or conduct
Even where there are minimal morphological differences between species, differences in behavior can be enough to prevent mating. For example, Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans which are considered twin species due to their morphological similarity, do not mate even if they are kept together in a laboratory.[3][12]Drosophila ananassae and D. pallidosa are twin species from Melanesia. In the wild they rarely produce hybrids, although in the laboratory it is possible to produce fertile offspring. Studies of their sexual behavior show that the males court the females of both species but the females show a marked preference for mating with males of their own species.
en.wikipedia.org
>Picture: drosophila fruit flies are popular choices for these types of experiments.
evolution.berkeley.edu
Just imagine what a few extra years of separation could have done for certain human populations…
