Serious Question

What defines good music other than being obscure?

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Being pleasant to listen to?
What else would there be?

The way it sounds

if it makes you go "ooh ooh good sound ohh"

what?

Liking it. Usually this is tied to melody, harmony, rhythm, texture and structure.

This
No matter what anyone says music is subjective. There are certain ways to observe how people use various techniques and such but how "good" they are is still subjective.

Obscurity doesn't always equal "good"

I would say the following make music good:
>economy of material
>interesting use of form on the micro and macro level
>effective - does what it set out to do
>holds interest throughout
>appeals to both the romantics (those who like nice melodies and pleasant things they can understand) and the avant garde (those who like to be challenged)
>good use of harmonic tension and release
>polyphony (adds to replayability as you discover new melodies buried in the texture with each listen)
>originality
>emotional impact
>clarity of ideas

before you reply with "economy of material? what?!" I suggest you learn a bit more about music. I'm not just making this shit up to seem "cool" economy of material is one of the prized assets of a great composer or songwriter - to be able to construct an entire piece from a single idea, or a few ideas. This gives a piece a coherency and tightness of construction.
One of the ultimate examples being Bach's art of fugue - an hour long piece created from a single melody. Bartok's 4th quartet is a great example of this, and most Beethoven - particularly his 5th symphony. we hear that opening motif over and over again, as the motif is weaved into a coherent piece on a large scale.

adding on to your point about polyphony:

I think that if you enjoy a song at first listen, chances are you'll get sick of it after listening to it many times

on the other hand, music that you don't enjoy much at first usually grows onto you and you'll start to see what makes it good

at least that's what I've experienced on multiple occasions

If I like it.

Music is objective and subjective. You might think a Justin Bieber song is the best song ever, why? Because you haven't heard a better song yet.

No one can come and tell you that your favorite artist is unoriginal and sucks, you have to see it yourself by listening to more music.

You listen to a shoegaze album from 2015 and it's the first time you have ever heard shoegaze and you love it but then you find out that Loveless exists and see that the album you liked isn't so original after all.

>music is subjective
No, taste is subjective. Music isn't.

Your face is subjective

It's the other way round actually

Being obscure is irrelevant.
Mainly, the balance between tension and repose; and this is a veeeery wide subject that changes according to the place and the era where the music is from.
Also the level of either innovation or perfect utilization of the resources available in the particular art form to achieve said balance. And for masterpieces how much they influenced other musicians as well.
Many people think that originality is extremely important, but whereas common places should clearly be avoided, you can take inspiration in something that someone else wrote and better it.

...

Cultural/musical impact and how the music was innovative for the time it was released are the most important things.

You just described Grimes' music.

youtube.com/watch?v=qsbiyvpel54

It's not really like that. You're assuming that everyone has the same kind of thinking/taste. You may find out that Loveless exists and think it sucks. Why? Because the brains are wired differently.

Being well composed.
Giving you an experience you can't get anywhere else.
Doing exactly what it set out to do.

if it has a nasty bass drop

ITT: Buzzwords